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Theodor Körner (opera)
''Leyer und Schwert'' (''Lyre and Sword'') (modern German spelling ''Leier und Schwert'') is a patriotic opera in five acts composed by Wendelin Weißheimer to a libretto by Louise Otto-Peters. Also known as ''Theodor Körner'', the opera was composed in 1863/64 and premiered in Munich in 1872. The libretto is based on an episode in the life of the German poet and soldier Theodor Körner.
== History ==
The libretto was written by Louise Otto-Peters, who had already shown ardent interest in patriotic subjects as a youth.〔''Louise Otto-Peters. Ihr literarisches und publizistisches Werk''. Leipziger Universitätsverlag: Leipzig, 1995. Page 92.〕 It depicts the last episode of Theodor Körner's life from the beginning of his military engagement until his death. Körner, a famous German poet during the Wars of Liberation against Napoleonic hegemony, was free of personal worries due to his professional success culminating in the appointment as ''k. k. Hoftheaterdichter'',〔Sundermann, Peter. ''100 berühmte Sachsen''. Sutton-Verlag: Erfurt, 2010. Page 57.〕 a playwright of the imperial court at the Burgtheater in Vienna. He nonetheless voluntarily joined the famous Lützow Free Corps as he wanted to deliver Germany from French dominance, writing to his father: "Yes, my dearest father, I want to become a soldier. I want to give up the newly acquired happy and carefree live joyously in order to fight for my fatherland, even if I have to spill my blood. () No one is too valuable for the death for the liberty and the honour of his nation, but many are not valuable enough."〔Krebs, Gilbert. Bernhard Poloni (ed.). ''Volk, Reich und Nation. 1806 – 1918. Texte zur Einheit Deutschlands in Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft''. Page 26.〕〔The original German text is: Ja, liebster Vater, ich will Soldat werden. Ich will das hier gewonnene glückliche und sorgenfreie Leben mit Freuden hinwerfen, um, sei’s auch mit meinem Blute, mir mein Vaterland zu erkämpfen. () Zum Opfertode für die Freiheit und für die Ehre der Nation ist keiner zu gut, wohl aber sind viele zu schlecht dazu!〕 In 19th century Germany, Körner hence became a national hero.〔Brandt, Bettina. ''Germania und ihre Söhne: Repräsentationen von Nation, Geschlecht und Politik in der Moderne''. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Göttingen, 2010. Page 120.〕
Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner spoke appreciatively of this work. Ferdinand Lassalle, who had particularly liked the libretto and was equally enthusiastic about the music, had offered to write Weißheimer a textbook on Florian Geyer, Thomas Munzer or the Bohemian Jan Žižka, but his death put an end to this idea.〔Weißheimer, Wendelin. ''Erlebnisse mit Richard Wagner, Franz Liszt und vielen anderen Zeitgenossen: nebst deren Briefen''. Stuttgart, 1898. Page 302.〕 Wagner had written for Weißheimer a draft for the opera, ''Wieland the Blacksmith'', but gave it back before scoring it.〔Glasenapp, Carl Friedrich. ''Richard Wagners Leben und Wirken''.〕
For the premiere of ''Theodor Körner'' at the Berlin Court Opera, Liszt began with the former artistic director Count von Redern. However, Count von Redern recommended Liszt to run the premiere on a different stage because Prince Louis Ferdinand was to play a role which would affect the Prussian royal family too strongly. For the premiere to be accommodated elsewhere it would be important to gain Wagner's support, for whom Wendelin had fought for many years. But Wagner was too immersed in his own work to be of any help. Weißheimer's negotiations with Munich moved very slowly but in 1872, his opera was finally premiered there.〔''Louise Otto-Peters. Ihr literarisches und publizistisches Werk''. Leipziger Universitätsverlag: Leipzig, 1995. Page 124.〕
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